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科学家发现可能导致阿尔茨海默病的新蛋白质_我的网站

A |     BILLINGS, Mont. -- A Montana man has been sentenced to 18 months in federal prison for making repeated threatening and racist phone calls to a Billings church for two years after he went there seeking help and received a gift card from a Black employee, prosecutors said.Joshua Leon Hiestand, 41, was sentenced Friday, according to the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Montana. Hiestand pleaded guilty in June to making harassing telephone calls. A stalking charge was dismissed as part of the plea agreement.“When Hiestand, a white man, went to a Billings church looking for help, an elderly African American woman who worked there responded with kindness and assistance," U.S. Attorney Jesse Laslovich said in a statement. "In return and for nearly two years, Hiestand launched a barrage of harassing, hateful and racist calls and voicemails at her and the church. His racist conduct isn't just abhorrent, it is illegal.”Prosecutors alleged Hiestand went to the Presbyterian church in November 2020 seeking help. Five days later, the church received a voicemail in which someone, using a racially derogatory term, said he would give more money to the church if the church did not employ an African American. After three similar calls, the woman called Billings police.A detective called the number used to leave the messages and spoke to Hiestand, who admitted making the calls and apologized for his behavior, prosecutors said. He was told to have no further contact with the church. Three days later, he left a voicemail with the church in which he apologized, court records said.However, over the next 19 months Hiestand called and left a series of voicemails at the church that were at times threatening and racially hostile, prosecutors said. Investigators determined that after January 2021, Hiestand was placing the calls from outside the state of Montana.Hiestand was arrested in November 2022 in Indiana and has remained in custody since then.Hiestand’s public defender Gillian Gosch asked for a sentence of time served, arguing her client's actions were affected by his mental health issues, which have resulted in psychiatric hospitalizations and which appear to be worsened by his use of illegal substances.The Bureau of Prisons will decide whether Hiestand will receive credit for the 11 months he has already been in custody, officials said.Hiestand remained in custody in the Yellowstone County jail on Monday.。    阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种使人衰弱的渐进性疾病，开始时是轻微的记忆丧失，慢慢地破坏了认知功能和记忆。

B | 它目前没有治愈方法，预计到2050年将影响全球1亿多人。在美国，根据国家老龄化研究所的数据，AD是老年人痴呆的主要原因，也是第七大最常见的死亡原因。正在进行的阿尔茨海默氏症研究集中在两个关键的神经毒性蛋白上：淀粉样β（Aβ）和tau。尽管这些蛋白质已被证明与AD有关，但Aβ和tau的水平并不能持续解释或与一些疾病患者的认知能力下降的严重程度相关。作为麻省总医院布里格姆医疗系统的创始成员之一，布里格姆妇女医院的研究人员着手确定其他可能直接参与AD基本方面的蛋白质，如突触损失和神经变性。他们将实验室的神经元暴露在大约40人的大脑提取物中，这些人要么患有AD，要么在Aβ和tau水平较高的情况下受到保护，要么在大脑中很少或没有Aβ和tau时受到保护。科学家们发现并验证了神经节苷脂GM2激活剂（GM2A）是一种能够减少神经元发射并诱发神经元完整性丧失的蛋白质。

C | 这些蛋白质的特征可能有助于AD的病因、疾病的进展，或两者都有。高级作者、神经学系的Tracy Young-Pearse博士说："我们的数据有助于确定一种可能与阿尔茨海默病的发病机制有关的新的和潜在的重要蛋白质。有趣的是，GM2A以前被认为是一种与Tay-Sachs病非常相似的溶酶体储存障碍的致病因素，Tay-Sachs病是另一种像AD一样破坏神经元的疾病。

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